According to Tanaike's proposal, I suggest a slight modification

  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet()
  const sheet = ss.getActiveSheet()
  const ranges = [table1range2D, table2range2D, table3range2D];
  const values = [data1values2D, data2values2D, data3values2D];
  const data = ranges.map((e, i) => ({ range: `'${sheet.getName()}'!${e}`, values : values[i] }));
  Sheets.Spreadsheets.Values.batchUpdate({ data, valueInputOption: "USER_ENTERED" }, ss.getId());

for instance

function updateGoogleSheet() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet()
  const sheet = ss.getActiveSheet()
  const otherSheet = ss.getSheetByName('other')
  const table1range2D = 'A1:B2', table2range2D = 'C4:D5', table3range2D = 'E7:F8'
  const data1values2D = otherSheet.getRange('A1:B2').getValues(), data2values2D = otherSheet.getRange('C4:D5').getValues(), data3values2D = otherSheet.getRange('E7:F8').getValues()
  const ranges = [table1range2D, table2range2D, table3range2D];
  const values = [data1values2D, data2values2D, data3values2D];
  const data = ranges.map((e, i) => ({ range: `'${sheet.getName()}'!${e}`, values : values[i] }));
  Sheets.Spreadsheets.Values.batchUpdate({ data, valueInputOption: "USER_ENTERED" }, ss.getId());
}

where in sheet named 'other' we can find in A1 =sequence(10,10,0,1)

I believe your goal is as follows.

• You want to achieve the script like sheet.getNamedRanges([table1range, table2range, table3range]).setValues([table1data, table2data, table3data]); in order to reduce the process cost.
• Namely, you want to put the values for each range to Google Spreadsheet using Google Apps Script. And, the range is

In this case, I think that Sheets API can be used for achieving your goal as follows. In this case, this thread might be useful. Ref When Sheets API is used for your situation, the process cost can be reduced rather than that of the method for putting the values to each range in the loop using Spreadsheet Service (SpreadsheetApp). Ref

const spreadsheetId = "###"; // Please set the Spreadsheet ID.
const ranges = [table1range, table2range, table3range]; // Please set table1range, table2range, table3range as A1Notation.
const values = [table1data, table2data, table3data]; // Please set table1data, table2data, table3data.
const data = ranges.map((e, i) => ({range: e, values: [[values[i]]]}));
Sheets.Spreadsheets.Values.batchUpdate({data, valueInputOption: "USER_ENTERED"}, spreadsheetId);

But, in this case, I thought that it might be difficult a little to create the request body. So I created a Google Apps Script library as a wrapper for using Sheets API. When this library is used, the sample script is as follows.

1. Install library.

You can see the method for installing the library at here. And, this script uses Sheets API. So please enable Sheets API at Advanced Google services.

2. Sample script:

const ranges = [table1range, table2range, table3range]; // Please set table1range, table2range, table3range as A1Notation.
const values = [table1data, table2data, table3data]; // Please set table1data, table2data, table3data.
const spreadsheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet();
RangeListApp.getSpreadsheet(spreadsheet).getRangeList(ranges).setValues(values);

• When I saw your script, I thought that this sample script might be in the same direction you expect.
• When this script is run, each value of values is put to each range of ranges using Sheets API.

References:

• Benchmark: Reading and Writing Spreadsheet using Google Apps Script
• Method: spreadsheets.values.batchUpdate
• RangeListApp