In TypeScript, you can construct a new type, something like:

type Class<T> = new (...args: any[]) => T

Which you can then use this way:

function register(command: Class<Command>) {
  new command()
}

This should constrain TypeScript to ONLY accept classes which construct or extend the Command type.

EDIT:

Sorry, missed something when I evaluated your example. Your class Command is generic enough that almost any constructable object will overlap. What it's missing is constraints.

1. The constructor will take any first argument, undefined or not, so any class which has a constructor accepting zero or one arguments will match
2. The signature of the object that will be returned is empty, no methods or properties exist to identify it and so any methods/props will "fall-through" and be allowed as an "extension" of your class

We can over come either of these by modifying either properties or methods required for the Command class, thus constraining derived types to that explicit signature

If we want to narrow the possible matches by adding a method or property specific to Command, then we get the desired behavior you've outlined.

export namespace customCommand {
  export type Class<T> = new (...args: any[]) => T

  export class Command {
    public constructor(parameter?: any) {

    }

    picard (): string {
      return 'Make it so.'
    }
  }

  export function register(command: Class<Command>) {
      new command()
  }
}

/*
  Argument of type 'MapConstructor' is not assignable to
  parameter of type 'Class<Command>'. Property 'picard'
  is missing in type 'Map<any, any>' but required in
  type 'Command'. ts(2345)
*/
customCommand.register(Map)

/*
  Argument of type 'ObjectConstructor' is not assignable to
  parameter of type 'Class<Command>'. The 'Object' type is
  assignable to very few other types. Did you mean to use
  the 'any' type instead? Property 'picard' is missing in
  type 'Object' but required in type 'Command'. ts(2345)
*/
customCommand.register(Object)

/* No error */
customCommand.register(customCommand.Command)