JavaScript is monothreaded, so blocking is to be avoided, that is why so much effort was pourred into the language to standardise Promise and add async / await

This allow to pause code execution without blocking, here how you do it:

// Only available in Node v15+
import { setTimeout as pause } from 'timers/promises'

// if not in node:
const pause = delay => new Promise(s => setTimeout(s, delay))

async function sayHelloEverySeconds() {
  while (true) {
    await pause(1000) // 1 sec
    console.log('hello')
  }
}

sayHelloEverySeconds()

But for this exact function, it would be simpler to use setInterval directly:

setInterval(() => console.log('hello'), 1000)

this will execute the function every seconds

You don't need to use async/await functions or promises or a while loop. Call a function and have setTimeout call the function again after a set amount of time.

function loop(count = 0) {
  console.log(count);
  setTimeout(loop, 1000, ++count);
}

loop();