just a little modification to your code:

const currencies = {CHF: {name: "Swiss franc", symbol: "Fr."}}

console.log(Object.values(Object.values(currencies)[0])[0])

// OR Simply 

console.log(Object.values(currencies)[0].name)

Object.entries Implementation Reference

Explanation

The Object.entries() method returns an array of a given object's own enumerable string-keyed property [key, value] pairs. This is the same as iterating with a for...in loop, except that a for...in loop enumerates properties in the prototype chain as well.

Working Example

const currencies = { CHF: { name: "Swiss franc", symbol: "Fr.", }}
console.log(Object.entries(currencies)[0][1].name);

Code Explanation

Object.entries(currencies)

The above statement return an array as below

[["CHF", {symbol: 'Fr.', name: 'Swiss franc'}]]

An array of combination of key value pairs in the object.

We are interested in the node zero of the array and index one of the first node of array.

So it will be

Object.entries(currencies)[0][1].name

Object.values implementation. Reference.

Explanation

The Object.values() method returns an array of a given object's own enumerable property values, in the same order as that provided by a for...in loop. (The only difference is that a for...in loop enumerates properties in the prototype chain as well.)

Working Example

const currencies = { CHF: { name: "Swiss franc", symbol: "Fr.", }}
console.log(Object.values(currencies)[0].name);

Code Explanation

Object.values(currencies)

Tie above expression will return the array of values. Since we have only one key, the output of above statement will be

[{ symbol: 'Fr.', name: 'Swiss franc' }]

So the requird node will be

Object.values(currencies)[0].name

currencies = {CHF: {name: "Swiss franc", symbol: "Fr."}}

This will do it, Object.values(currencies)[0].name

Breakdown :-

Object.values(currencies) gives [{name: "Swiss franc", symbol: "Fr."}]

Object.values(currencies)[0] gives {name: "Swiss franc", symbol: "Fr."}

Object.values(currencies)[0].name gives Swiss franc.