It is frustum culling issue in ARCore – objects that aren't within the viewable area of camera frustum won't be rendered. Typically FoV (field of view) in Android devices is around 60 degrees horizontally (vertical aperture depends on aspect ratio). Viewing frustum culling is the process of removing objects that lie completely outside the viewing frustum from the rendering process, thus significantly decreasing CPU's and GPU's computational burden. And don't forget that near and far clipping planes are also parts of frustum.

To setup your objects' visibility properly just use the following recommendation that you can find HERE and HERE.

To know more about frustum culling read this useful article.

For returning a projection matrix for rendering content use the following java method:

public void getProjectionMatrix (float[] dest, 
                                 int offset, 
                                 float near, 
                                 float far);

I can use it this way in MainActivity.java file:

// Getting Projection Matrix
float[] projectionMtx = new float[16];
arSession.getProjectionMatrix(projectionMtx, 0, 0.5f, 201.0f);

// Setting Projection Matrix
arRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(projectionMtx);

...or this way in MainActivity.kt file:

// Getting Projection Matrix
private fun computeProjectionMatrix(): FloatArray {
    val projectionMtx = FloatArray(16)
    session.getProjectionMatrix(projectionMtx, 0, 0.5f, 201.0f)
    return projectionMtx
}

// Setting Projection Matrix
renderer.setProjectionMatrix(computeProjectionMatrix())

Hope this helps.