You can use jquery and use attribute starts with selector

$( "input[name^='question[0]']" )

From the answers above I solved my problem. Thanks to everyone who helped.

Below is how it was solved

<div>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][][][]' value='0'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][][][]' value='1'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][][][]' value='2'>

  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][1][][]' value='0'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][2][][]' value='1'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][3][][]' value='2'>

  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][1][4][]' value='0'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][2][5][]' value='1'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][3][6][]' value='2'>

  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][1][4][7]' value='0'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][2][5][8]' value='1'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[0][3][6][9]' value='2'>
  
  
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][][][]' value='0'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][][][]' value='1'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][][][]' value='2'>

  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][1][][]' value='0'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][2][][]' value='1'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][3][][]' value='2'>

  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][1][4][]' value='0'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][2][5][]' value='1'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][3][6][]' value='2'>

  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][1][4][7]' value='0'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][2][5][8]' value='1'>
  <input type='checkbox' name='question[1][3][6][9]' value='2'>
</div>

<input type="button" value="abc" id="abc">

$("#abc").click(function() {
  console.log("click");
  var ab = $("input[name^='question[0]']");
  for (let i = 0; i < ab.length; i++) {
    const element = ab[i];
    element.checked=true;
    console.log('checkbox');
  }
});