A link of which you are trying to make a resource of, has to return an audio file. Live audio broadcasts will not work with your current code. If the url gives you E.g. an .mp3 file, the code should work.

Example Function:

const Discord = require('discord.js');
const { Client, Intents } = require('discord.js');
const client = new Client({ intents: [Intents.FLAGS.GUILDS, Intents.FLAGS.GUILD_MESSAGES, Intents.FLAGS.GUILD_VOICE_STATES] });

const config =  require('./config/config.json');

const { joinVoiceChannel, createAudioPlayer, NoSubscriberBehavior, createAudioResource, AudioPlayerStatus, VoiceConnectionStatus, entersState } = require('@discordjs/voice');
const { join } = require('path');

client.once('ready', () => {
    console.log(config.onlineMessage);
    const channels = client.guilds.cache.find(f => f.name==="<Server Name>").channels;
    JoinChannel(channels.cache.find(r => r.name === "<Channel Name>"), './background.mp3', 0.025);  
});

client.login(config.token);

function JoinChannel(channel, track, volume) {
    const connection = joinVoiceChannel({
        channelId: channel.id,
        guildId: channel.guildId,
        adapterCreator: channel.guild.voiceAdapterCreator,
    });
    const player = createAudioPlayer();
    resource = createAudioResource(join(__dirname, track), { inlineVolume: true });
resource.volume.setVolume(volume);
    connection.subscribe(player); 
    connection.on(VoiceConnectionStatus.Ready, () => {console.log("ready"); player.play(resource);})
    connection.on(VoiceConnectionStatus.Disconnected, async (oldState, newState) => {
        try {
            console.log("Disconnected.")
            await Promise.race([
                entersState(connection, VoiceConnectionStatus.Signalling, 5_000),
                entersState(connection, VoiceConnectionStatus.Connecting, 5_000),
            ]);
        } catch (error) {
            connection.destroy();
        }
    });
    player.on('error', error => {
        console.error(`Error: ${error.message} with resource ${error.resource.metadata.title}`);
        player.play(getNextResource());
    });
    player.on(AudioPlayerStatus.Playing, () => {
        console.log('The audio player has started playing!');
    }); 
    player.on('idle', () => {
        connection.destroy();
    })
}

The answer was pretty simple, I just need to subscribe to the connection before I play the resource!

    const connection = joinVoiceChannel({
        channelId: channel_id.id,
        guildId: guild_id,
        adapterCreator: message.guild.voiceAdapterCreator,
    });


    const resource = 
    createAudioResource('https://streams.ilovemusic.de/iloveradio8.mp3', {
        inlineVolume: true
    })

    const player = createAudioPlayer();
    connection.subscribe(player)
    player.play(resource)