You can easily set the source of an image in JS:

document.getElementById("holla").src = "avatar.gif";

function refresh() {
document.getElementById("holla").src = "avatar.gif";
}

<div id="profile_img">
   <figure>
      <img id="holla" src="avatar.gif"/>
   </figure>
</div>
<button onclick="refresh();">Refresh Image</button>

If you are trying to reload from server then you can do ajax call and set the response to that div. document.getElementById('holla').innerHTML = this.responseText;

You must have some mechanism to load the image. Ajax call will load the image asynchronously.

// Create an XMLHttpRequest object
const xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
// Define a callback function
xhttp.onload = function() {
  //you get response back from server in responseText.
  document.getElementById('holla').innerHTML = this.responseText;
}
// Send a request
xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt");// path to file
xhttp.send();