1. Piping a higher order operator like concatMap to a stream from from function would trigger it for each element of it's source array. You'd need to use an opeartor like last to restrict the stream only to the last element at a specific point of the stream.

2. Though it wouldn't make a difference piping last to either inner or outer observable, I'd prefer piping it to outer observable since it looks more elegant.

return this.expeditionService.getTranssmartBookingXml(request).pipe(
  concatMap((response) => {
    return from(response.barcodes).pipe(
      concatMap((barcode) => {
        return this.expeditionService.saveTranssmartBarcode({
          ...saveBarcodeRequest,
          barcode: barcode,
        });
      })
    )
  }),
  last(),
  concatMap(() => {
    const transsmartSaveShipmentRequest: TranssmartSaveShipmentRequest = {
      reference: this.shipmentReferenceResult!.reference,
      price: this.transsmartDoBookingResponse!.price,
      trackingUrl: this.transsmartDoBookingResponse!.trackingUrl,
    };

    return this.expeditionService.saveTranssmartShipment(
      transsmartSaveShipmentRequest
    );
  })
);

You can either use toArray to combine a bunch of separate emissions into a single array, or you can use concat to just process the two observables in serial since you really don't seem to want the results of saving barcodes.

I prefer the second, but both will do want you want and look cleaner than what you have.

ToArray Method

return this.expeditionService.getTranssmartBookingXml(request).pipe(
  concatMap(res => from(res.barcodes)),
  concatMap(barcode => this.expeditionService.saveTranssmartBarcode({
    ...saveBarcodeRequest,
    barcode
  })),
  toArray(),
  concatMap(() => /* save TrannsmartShipmentRequest... */)
);

Concat Method

// you don't have to create variables as you can place the streams directly in concat.
const saveBarCodes$ = this.expeditionService.getTranssmartBookingXml(request).pipe(
  concatMap(res => from(res.barcodes)),
  concatMap(barcode => this.expeditionService.saveTranssmartBarcode({
    ...saveBarcodeRequest,
    barcode
  }))
);
// no point in this being inside an operator.
const saveShipmentRequest: TranssmartSaveShipmentRequest = {
  reference: this.shipmentReferenceResult!.reference,
  price: this.transsmartDoBookingResponse!.price,
  trackingUrl: this.transsmartDoBookingResponse!.trackingUrl
};
const saveShipment$ = this.expeditionService.saveTranssmartShipment(saveShipmentRequest);
return concat(saveBarCodes$, saveShipment$);

It could be useful if you added toArray to the end of saveBarCode$ since that would cause the return result to be a tuple of an array of barcode save results and the result from saving the shipment.

Here is my final solution based on Michael D's answer. The final concatMap should result in hitting the success method in the subscribe method for every item in the printViaIpAddress method. This works perfectly.

The answer of Daniel resulted finally in hitting the success method for every concatenated observable (I think), which was not exactly what I wanted in this case.

return this.expeditionService.getTranssmartBookingXml(request).pipe(
  concatMap((response) => {
    saveShipmentRequest.price = response.price;
    saveShipmentRequest.trackingUrl = response.trackingUrl;

    return from(response.barcodes).pipe(
      concatMap((barcode) => {
        return this.expeditionService.saveTranssmartBarcode({
          ...saveBarcodeRequest,
          barcode: barcode,
        });
      })
    );
  }),
  last(),
  concatMap(() => {
    return this.expeditionService.saveTranssmartShipment(
      saveShipmentRequest
    );
  }),
  concatMap(() => {
    return this.expeditionService.getTranssmartLabels(
      transsmartBonnenXmlRequest
    );
  }),
  concatMap((response) => {
    return from(response.values).pipe(
      concatMap((label) => {
        return this.expeditionService.printViaIpAddress({
          ...printTranssmartRequest,
          label,
        });
      })
    );
  })
);