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VisualizaçõesHow to use Python to read Excel files that contain extended fonts? (openpyxl error: Max value is 14)
As a learning project for Python, I am attempting to read all Excel files in a directory and extract the names of all the sheets.
I have been trying several available Python modules to do this (pandas in this example), but am running into an issue with most of them depending on openpyxl.
This is my current code:
import os
import pandas
directory_root = 'D:\\testFiles'
# Dict to hold all files, stats
all_files = {}
for _current_path, _dirs_in_path, _files_in_path in os.walk(directory_root):
# Add all files to this `all_files`
for _file in _files_in_path:
# Extract filesystem stats from the file
_stats = os.stat(os.path.join(_current_path, _file))
# Add the full file path and its stats to the `all_files` dict.
all_files[os.path.join(_current_path, _file)] = _stats
# Loop through all found files to extract the sheet names
for _file in all_files:
# Open the workbook
xls = pandas.ExcelFile(_file)
# Loop through all sheets in the workbook
for _sheet in xls.sheet_names():
print(_sheet)
This raises an error from openpyxl when calling pandas.ExcelFile(): ValueError: Max value is 14.
From what I can find online, this is because the file contains a font family above 14. How do I read from an Excel (xlsx) file while disregarding any existing formatting?
The only potential solution I could find suggests modifying the original file and removing the formatting, but this is not an option as I do not want to modify the files in any way.
Is there another way to do this that doesn't have this formatting limitation?
3 Respostas
Responde à pergunta0
The issue is that your file does not conform to the Open Office specification. Only certain font families are allowed. Once openpyxl encounters a font out of specification, it throws this error because OpenPyxl only allows spec-conforming excel files.
Some Excel readers may not have an issue with this and are more flexible with non-OpenOffice-spec-conforming files, but openpyxl only implements the Apache Open Office spec.
The xml being parsed will contain information about the font like this:
<font>
<b/>
<sz val="11"/>
<color rgb="FF000000"/>
<name val="Century Gothic"/>
<family val="34"/>
</font>
If the family value is over 14, openpyxl throws this ValueError. There is an underlying descriptor in Open Office that controls this.
When other readers like, say, Microsoft Office 365 Excel encounters this, it will change the font family when loading the file to a compliant font (the default, Calibri).
As a workaround, if you don't want to change the value (as Microsoft Excel does), you can monkeypatch the descriptor to allow a larger max font family.
# IMPORTANT, you must do this before importing openpyxl
from unittest import mock
# Set max font family value to 100
p = mock.patch('openpyxl.styles.fonts.Font.family.max', new=100)
p.start()
import openpyxl
openpyxl.open('my-bugged-worksheet.xlsx') # this works now!
This can be reproduced using this excel workbook. Before the patch this will fail to load. After the patch, it loads without error.
0
It is easy to detect when family value is out of range by a simple unzip|find in windows or a grep in others. So you could filter out files based on those values. here we see in the bad boy example they are acceptable 2 and an unacceptable 34
However since all platforms (win 10 included) have TAR it is easiest to first expand the file.xlsx as a set and using find by file in the native OS (or python) then ensure you know exactly which file needs adjusting.
So we now know it is styles.xml (that's not surprising as font values should be there)
and at this point we can use string replace to change that entry to say
<family val="3"/>
if that's more useful for your purpose.
Then repack the adjusted xlsx (NOTE:- it is best to only use a tool to "update" the one style.xls file to maintain the zip relative order) and it should behave just the same as a standard.xlsx that has the standard 1-14 fonts, pre-suming the author did not introduce other errors.
LATER EDIT I wont claim to reinvent a Pythonic Wheel but simply say that from https://stackoverflow.com/a/69360331/10802527 (by a now departed user) this should work for many other interested users. Backup your files and modify accordingly.
import tempfile
from openpyxl import load_workbook
import os
import shutil
from lxml import etree
EXCELFILE = '~/Book1.xlsx'
STYLES = 'xl/styles.xml'
FORMAT = 'zip'
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tdir:
os.chdir(tdir)
shutil.unpack_archive(filename=EXCELFILE, format=FORMAT)
with open(STYLES, 'r') as styles:
tree = etree.parse(styles)
for family in tree.xpath('//*[local-name()="fonts"]//*[local-name()="font"]//*[local-name()="family"]'):
try:
if int(family.attrib['val']) > 14:
family.set('val', '2')
except Exception:
pass
with open(STYLES, 'wb') as styles:
tree.write(styles)
shutil.make_archive(base_name=EXCELFILE, format=FORMAT)
shutil.move(f'{EXCELFILE}.{FORMAT}', EXCELFILE)
load_workbook(EXCELFILE)
The call to load_workbook() is done merely as a check against the modified spreadsheet's validity
0
Here's what fixed this error for me. I edited lib\site-packages\openpyxl\descriptors\base.py and added a print statement after line 86 in class Max like so:
def __set__(self, instance, value):
if ((self.allow_none and value is not None)
or not self.allow_none):
value = _convert(self.expected_type, value)
if value > self.max:
print(f"value is {value}")
raise ValueError('Max value is {0}'.format(self.max))
super(Max, self).__set__(instance, value)
This printed the value of 34 which is obviously higher than the max value of 14.
All I did to make it work was comment out the line that raises the error.
Changing the code to:
def __set__(self, instance, value):
if ((self.allow_none and value is not None)
or not self.allow_none):
value = _convert(self.expected_type, value)
if value > self.max:
self.max = value
# print(f"value is {value}")
# raise ValueError('Max value is {0}'.format(self.max))
super(Max, self).__set__(instance, value)
This solved the problem for me.
Or if you need to distribute the file and have to use the orignal library code THEN try the first answer.
# IMPORTANT, you must do this before importing openpyxl
from unittest import mock
# Set max font family value to 100
p = mock.patch('openpyxl.styles.fonts.Font.family.max', new=100)
p.start()
import openpyxl
openpyxl.open('my-bugged-worksheet.xlsx') # this works now!
Before importing openpyxl.