Empresas
Empregos
  • Sobre nós
  • Soluções
    • Publicação de vagas
      Publique sua vaga e receba candidatos qualificados em 48h.
    • Avaliações de candidatos
      Mais de 500 testes técnicos e psicológicos, mais anti-fraude.
    • Headhunting
      Busca executiva personalizada do início ao fim.
    • Folha de Pagamento + EOR
      Dispersão de folha e EOR em mais de 15 países da LATAM.
  • Preços
  • Empregos

0

1.5K
Visualizações
ImportError: cannot import name '...' from partially initialized module '...' (most likely due to a circular import)

I'm upgrading an application from Django 1.11.25 (Python 2.6) to Django 3.1.3 (Python 3.8.5) and, when I run manage.py makemigrations, I receive this messasge:

  File "/home/eduardo/projdevs/upgrade-intra/corporate/models/section.py", line 9, in <module>
    from authentication.models import get_sentinel**

ImportError: cannot import name 'get_sentinel' from partially initialized module 'authentication.models' (most likely due to a circular import) (/home/eduardo/projdevs/upgrade-intra/authentication/models.py)**

My models are:

authentication / models.py

from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser, UserManager
from django.db import models
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.utils import timezone

from corporate.constants import GROUP_SUPPORT
from corporate.models import Phone, Room, Section
from library.exceptions import ErrorMessage
from library.model import update_through_dict
from .constants import INTERNAL_USER, EXTERNAL_USER, SENTINEL_USERNAME, SPECIAL_USER, USER_TYPES_DICT


class UserProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(
        'User',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        unique=True,
        db_index=True
    )
    ...
    phone = models.ForeignKey('corporate.Phone', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, ...)
    room = models.ForeignKey('corporate.Room', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, ...)
    section = models.ForeignKey('corporate.Section', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, ...)
    objects = models.Manager()
    ...

class CustomUserManager(UserManager):

    def __init__(self, type=None):
        super(CustomUserManager, self).__init__()
        self.type = type

    def get_queryset(self):
        qs = super(CustomUserManager, self).get_queryset()
        if self.type:
            qs = qs.filter(type=self.type).order_by('first_name', 'last_name')
        return qs

    def get_this_types(self, types):
        qs = super(CustomUserManager, self).get_queryset()
        qs = qs.filter(type__in=types).order_by('first_name', 'last_name')
        return qs

    def get_all_excluding(self, types):
        qs = super(CustomUserManager, self).get_queryset()
        qs = qs.filter(~models.Q(type__in=types)).order_by('first_name', 'last_name')
        return qs

class User(AbstractUser):
    type = models.PositiveIntegerField('...', default=SPECIAL_USER)
    username = models.CharField('...', max_length=256, unique=True)
    first_name = models.CharField('...', max_length=40, blank=True)
    last_name = models.CharField('...', max_length=80, blank=True)
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField('...', default=timezone.now)
    previous_login = models.DateTimeField('...', default=timezone.now)

    objects = CustomUserManager()
    ...
    def get_profile(self):
        if self.type == INTERNAL_USER:
            ...
        return None

    def get_or_create_profile(self):
        profile = self.get_profile()
        if not profile and self.type == INTERNAL_USER:
            ...
        return profile

    def update(self, changes):
        ...

class ExternalUserProxy(User):
    objects = CustomUserManager(type=EXTERNAL_USER)

    class Meta:
        proxy = True
        verbose_name = '...'
        verbose_name_plural = '...'

class InternalUserProxy(User):
    objects = CustomUserManager(type=INTERNAL_USER)

    class Meta:
        proxy = True
        verbose_name = '...'
        verbose_name_plural = '...'

def create_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    if created and instance.type == INTERNAL_USER:
        try:
            profile = UserProfile()
            profile.user = instance
            profile.save()
        except:
            pass

post_save.connect(create_profile, sender=User)

def get_sentinel():
    try:
        sentinel = User.objects.get(username__exact=SENTINEL_USERNAME)
    except User.DoesNotExist:
        settings.LOGGER.error("...")
        from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
        sentinel = User()
        sentinel.username = SENTINEL_USERNAME
        sentinel.first_name = "..."
        sentinel.last_name = "..."
        sentinel.set_unusable_password()
        sentinel.save()
        technical = Group.objects.get(name=GROUP_SUPPORT)
        sentinel = User.objects.get(username__exact=SENTINEL_USERNAME)
        sentinel.groups.add(technical)
        sentinel.save()
    return sentinel

corporate / models / __init__.py

...
from .section import Section
...

corporate / models / section.py

from django.conf import settings
from authentication.models import get_sentinel
from .room import Room

class Section(models.Model):
    ...
    boss = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.SET(get_sentinel), ...)
    surrogate = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.SET(get_sentinel), ...)
    room = models.ForeignKey(Room, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, ...)
    is_subordinate_to = models.ForeignKey('self', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, ...)
    ...

What am I doing wrong?

over 4 years ago · Santiago Trujillo
5 Respostas
Responde à pergunta

0

You have a circular import.

authentication/models imports corporate/models, which imports corporate/models/section, which imports authentication/models.

You can't do that.

over 4 years ago · Santiago Trujillo Relatório

0

For future readers, this can also happen if you name a python file the same name as a dependency your project uses.

For example:

I cannot have a file named retrying.py that is using the retrying package.

Assuming I had the retrying package in my project, I could not have a file called retrying.py with the below contents:

from retrying import retry
print("HI")

A similar error with the message "most likely due to a circular import" would occur.

The same contents would work fine if I renamed the file to "retrying_example1.py"

over 4 years ago · Santiago Trujillo Relatório

0

When importing code from other files, it helps if you spell out the entire subpackage where the thing you want to import comes from. Let's say you have the following file structure:

mypackage/
  subpackage/
    __init__.py
    helper.py
  main/
    work.py

If:

  • __init__.py imports things from helper.py (for the end-user to conveniently access)
  • and you're working inside work.py
  • and you need something from subpackage/helper.py

Then rather than doing:

from ..subpackage import thing_i_need

You should instead do:

from ..subpackage.helper import thing_i_need

For reasonable code, this should help you avoid some of the circular dependency problems, as now you're no longer relying on __init__.py to fully finish.

over 4 years ago · Santiago Trujillo Relatório

0

In my case the problem was that I defined the function in the x.py file and in the x.py file I import models from the modals.py file and in the modals.py file I tried to import this function I was trying to set the default value after querying the tables with this function

over 4 years ago · Santiago Trujillo Relatório

0

Changing the file name of your working file solves the issue in my case. It is for fbprophet circular import.

over 4 years ago · Santiago Trujillo Relatório
Responde à pergunta
Encontrar trabalhos remotos

Descubra a nova forma de encontrar um emprego!

melhores empregos
Principais categorias de trabalho
Empresas
Postar vaga Preços Comercial
Jurídico
Termos e Condições Política de privacidade
© 2026 PeakU Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Andres GPT
Recomende algumas ofertas para mim
Preciso de ajuda