Info shows:
Storage Driver: vfs
Kubernetes doesn't like it, kubeadm init prints:
unsupported graph driver: vfs
How to list available drivers?
You can't get a list of available drivers by the command line (with a "service docker status" you can only see the one being used), you can learn about it on the documentation and proceed to configurate one of your choice, they don't work "out of the box" but it's just a question of OS configuration.
P.D.: if want a quick workaround use a previous version like docker 12.3.