This has nothing to do with the rest operator.

interface Props {
  name: string;
}

Your interface doesn't allow a placeholder attribute on the element.

If you want to pass through properties allowed on an input, then you have to include those properties on the interface.

interface Props extends React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<"input"> {
  name: string;
}

1. What is FC?
   It's a React functional component definition, which by default has children?: ReactNode interface defined which can be extended.
2. You are trying to define props for your component.
   In your use case You provided const Home: FC<Props>. This means, You've extended the interface of React.FC with your Props definition. This means that you have
   {children: ReactNode, name: string} described to typescript as valid parameters that you are expecting.
   This means if you pass something else, that is not defined in the interface, You will get an error.
   In Your case You are destructuring the parameters:
   name,...rest. From Your interface definition this means, that ...rest will be only the property - children , because that's what You defined in your interface.\
3. While the simplest solution to solve Your error would be only to introduce a new property in your interface called placeholder, a better solution would be to provide an interface, that would match your ...rest spread operator. Since all of Your props go inside of button, you can extend your Props interface with React.ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement>.

interface Props extends React.ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement> {
  name: string;
}

const Home: FC<Props> = ({ name, ...rest }) => {
  return (
    <>
      <div>{name}</div>
      <input {...rest} type="text" />
    </>
  );
};

Update: A VSCODE trick on inspecting what types does an element, or its property has is to simply hover on it.