{
      title: "Surname",
      field: "surname",
      editComponent: (props: any) => (
        <TextField
          onChange={props.onChange}
          type="number"
          helperText={props.helperText}
          error={props.error}
          variant="standard"
          value={props.value}
        />
      ),
      validate: (rowData: any) =>
        rowData.surname.length < 3
          ? { isValid: false, helperText: "too small" }
          : true
    }

maybe this might help, I think. Try using column.editComponent to override edit component for a column and then using props pass the helperText and error to the TextField. I have used the material-ui v5 TextField here .

I am using editable option to check the validation. Here I am using onRowUpdate to check the updated data so that we can show the validation message. You can check full example in codesandbox

<MaterialTable
            title="Editable Example"
            columns={
                [
                    {
                        title: 'Name', field: 'name',
                        editComponent: (props) => (
                            <TextField
                                type="text"
                                error={nameError.error}
                                helperText={nameError.helperText}
                                value={props.value ? props.value : ''}
                                onChange={e => props.onChange(e.target.value)}
                            />
                        )
                    },
                    { title: 'Surname', field: 'surname' }
                ]}
            data={state.data}
            icons={tableIcons}
            editable={{
                onRowUpdate: (newData, oldData) =>
                    new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
                        setTimeout(() => {

                            if (newData.name === '' || newData.name.length < 3) {
                                setNameError({
                                    error: true,
                                    label: 'required',
                                    helperText: 'Name should be more than 3 character'
                                });
                                reject();
                                return;
                            }

                            resolve();
                            if (oldData) {
                                setState(prevState => {
                                    const data = [...prevState.data];
                                    data[data.indexOf(oldData)] = newData;
                                    return { ...prevState, data };
                                });
                            }
                        }, 600);
                    })
            }}
        />