time is not a timeout but an interval:

clearTimeout(time) ⇨ clearInterval(time)

There's two kinds of "timer" functions. setInterval() and setTimeout(). Note that each of these have their respective clear functions.

When you make a timer using setInterval(), you must clear it with clearInterval(), same for setTimeout() and clearTimeout().

time, in your example, is an interval. The following code should work:

function timeDown() {
  if (stepName == 'question') {
    let haveTime = state.haveTime;
    let time = setInterval(() => {
        haveTime -= 1;
        setState({ haveTime })
      }, 1000);
    setTimeout(() => {
        clearInterval(time)
        dispatch(getNameStep(states.step))
      }, 60000);
  } else {
    return
  }
}

useEffect(() => {
    timeDown()
    return () => {
      console.log('unmounted')
      timeDown()
    }
  }, [])

https://medium.com/@monica1109/scheduling-settimeout-and-setinterval-ca2ee50cd99f#:~:text=The%20only%20difference%20is%20%2C,should%20call%20clearInterval(timerId)%20. This blog clearly explains the difference between settimeout & setInterval