I've started to profile some of my Go1.2 code and the top item is always something named 'etext'. I've searched around but couldn't find much information about it other than it might relate to call depth in Go routines. However, I'm not using any Go routines and 'etext' is still taking up 75% or more of the total execution time.
(pprof) top20
Total: 171 samples
128 74.9% 74.9% 128 74.9% etext
Can anybody explain what this is and if there is any way to reduce the impact?
I hit the same problem then I found this: pprof broken in go 1.2?. To verify that it is really a 1.2 bug I wrote the following "hello world" program:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
)
func BenchmarkPrintln( t *testing.B ){
TestPrintln( nil )
}
func TestPrintln( t *testing.T ){
for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
fmt.Println("hello " + " world!")
}
}
As you can see it only calls fmt.Println.
You can compile this with “go test –c .” Run with “./test.test -test.bench . -test.cpuprofile=test.prof” See the result with “go tool pprof test.test test.prof”
(pprof) top10
Total: 36 samples
18 50.0% 50.0% 18 50.0% syscall.Syscall
8 22.2% 72.2% 8 22.2% etext
4 11.1% 83.3% 4 11.1% runtime.usleep
3 8.3% 91.7% 3 8.3% runtime.futex
1 2.8% 94.4% 1 2.8% MHeap_AllocLocked
1 2.8% 97.2% 1 2.8% fmt.(*fmt).padString
1 2.8% 100.0% 1 2.8% os.epipecheck
0 0.0% 100.0% 1 2.8% MCentral_Grow
0 0.0% 100.0% 33 91.7% System
0 0.0% 100.0% 3 8.3% _/home/xxiao/work/test.BenchmarkPrintln
The above result is got using go 1.2.1 Then I did the same thing using go 1.1.1 and got the following result:
(pprof) top10
Total: 10 samples
2 20.0% 20.0% 2 20.0% scanblock
1 10.0% 30.0% 1 10.0% fmt.(*pp).free
1 10.0% 40.0% 1 10.0% fmt.(*pp).printField
1 10.0% 50.0% 2 20.0% fmt.newPrinter
1 10.0% 60.0% 2 20.0% os.(*File).Write
1 10.0% 70.0% 1 10.0% runtime.MCache_Alloc
1 10.0% 80.0% 1 10.0% runtime.exitsyscall
1 10.0% 90.0% 1 10.0% sweepspan
1 10.0% 100.0% 1 10.0% sync.(*Mutex).Lock
0 0.0% 100.0% 6 60.0% _/home/xxiao/work/test.BenchmarkPrintln
You can see that the 1.2.1 result does not make much sense. Syscall and etext takes most of the time. And the 1.1.1 result looks right.
So I'm convinced that it is really a 1.2.1 bug. And I switched to use go 1.1.1 in my real project and I'm satisfied with the profiling result now.
I think Mathias Urlichs is right regarding missing debugging symbols in your cgo code. Its worth noting that some standard pkgs like net and syscall make use of cgo.
If you scroll down to the bottom of this doc to the section called Caveats, you can see that the third bullet says...
If the program linked in a library that was not compiled with enough symbolic information, all samples associated with the library may be charged to the last symbol found in the program before the library. This will artificially inflate the count for that symbol.
I'm not 100% positive this is what's happening but i'm betting that this is why etext appears to be so busy (in other words etext is a collection of various functions that doesn't have enough information for pprof to analysis properly.).