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String.toUpperCase may strip accents or not

I have to apply toUpperCase on a name that may contain accents ("é", "à", etc.).
Problem:

with JUnit, "é".toUpperCase converts to "E", the accent is removed
in my application (a Spring REST API), "é".toUpperCase converts to "É". The input comes from an Ember frontend, but the encoding is the same (UTF-8)

JUnit tests and Spring application use the same characters set (UTF-8) and the locale is French. Both running on Oracle Java 8, on the same machine (Jenkins CI on Debian, but I can reproduce this behavior on my computer: Windows 7).
I tried to specify the locale toUpperCase(Locale.FRANCE), but it doesn't solve my problem.

Are you aware of something that may explain this difference?

over 4 years ago · Santiago Trujillo

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I had the same problem once and it was fixed for me by setting the default Locale:

Locale.setDefault(new Locale("fr_FR"));

over 4 years ago · Santiago Trujillo Report

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Accepted Answer · 2022-06-13T15:34:19.106Z

As in the conversation with @JonathanLermitage this is not a Java problem but is related to the embedded database (h2) used in the unit tests that is not correctly configured.

I'm using Java 8, no particular configuration.

  @Test
  public void test()
  {
    String a = "àòùìèé";
    String b = a.toUpperCase();
    System.out.println(b);

    System.out.println(Locale.getDefault());
    assertEquals(b,"ÀÒÙÌÈÉ");
  }

Returns

ÀÒÙÌÈÉ
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String.toUpperCase may strip accents or not

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Andres GPT