Seems everything will work as is...

From the event presentation they said "Existing Mac apps that have not been updated to Universal will run seamlessly with Apple’s Rosetta 2 technology."

For docker there is a technical preview out https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-mac/apple-m1/.

You can run ruby, python etc. directly on a Mac M1 by setting up a terminal that runs under Rosetta mode. Then run home brew and you can use the existing x86_64 architecture brew taps. I'm using /bin/bash as my Mac shell rather than zsh but you could adapt the below for zsh if you prefer.

Log in to your normal shell and install ARM homebrew to /opt/homebrew

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

Now set up a new "Rosetta shell" terminal profile with the Shell tab Run command "env /usr/bin/arch -x86_64 /bin/bash --login".

Login again under rosetta shell and install x86_64 homebrew to /usr/local/homebrew

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

Edit your ~/.bash_profile and add some code to detect if your shell is under Rosetta and if so use the /usr/local/homebrew instead of the usual /opt/homebrew

if [ "$(sysctl -n sysctl.proc_translated)" = "1" ]; then
    # run under rosetta 2 with
    #   env /usr/bin/arch -x86_64 /bin/bash --login
    #local brew_path="/usr/local/homebrew/bin"
    eval $(/usr/local/bin/brew shellenv)
    export PS1="i \D{%I:%M %p}:\w $ "
else
    #local brew_path="/opt/homebrew/bin"
    eval $(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)
fi

Now login to your Rosetta shell and do commands like

$ brew install ruby

then you can run ruby.

I have also managed to get a vagrant virtual machine Fedora 33 for ARM running on Mac M1 under Parallels virtualisation beta. That might help with apache and php. Instructions here

https://github.com/peterdragon/packer-M1-parallels-fedora33

Programming languages such as Ruby, Node and Python should run on Apple M1 Chip but Docker is not supported as of now (They are working on it)

Docker for Mac Issue https://github.com/docker/for-mac/issues/4733

Docker team might be working on fixing the issue as per this: https://github.com/docker/roadmap/issues/142

My Recommendation: Get it now only if you want to build iOS application. Since most of the people don't have the laptop right now, we might end up with a lot of other issues.

UPDATE: This one is more appropriate answer now: https://stackoverflow.com/a/65253659/8216911