Here is one of the solutions with combination of forEach and RegEx

const data= [ 
      "the lions of teranga",
      "tiger woods",
      "The Truman Show",
      "Shutter Island",
      "The Gold Rush",
  ]
  
const filteredData = []


data.forEach(sentence => {
    let words = sentence.split(" ")
    words.forEach((word,index) => {
      if(word.match(/^lions?\w/gi)) {
        filteredData.push(sentence)
      }
    })
    
})

console.log(filteredData)

const data= [ 
      "the lions of teranga",
      "tiger woods",
      "The Truman Show",
      "Shutter Island",
      "The Gold Rush",
  ]
inputData = "lions"
let a = data.filter(e => {
    str = e.toLowerCase()
    if (str.match(inputData.toLowerCase())){
        return e
    }
})
console.log(a)

Here filter returns the objects which are returned true. Here you can search by any word or character and return as an array.

//your data array
const data= [ 
      "the lions of teranga",
      "tiger woods",
      "The Truman Show",
      "Shutter Island",
      "The Gold Rush",
  ];
    //your search letters,if it will be the same use const instead of var
    var search="sh";
    //make your search case insensitive
    search=search.toLowerCase()
    //use for loop to go through every sentence
    for(var counter=0;counter<data.length;counter++)
    {
       //get the array of words
       var arrayOfWords=data[counter].match(/\b(\w+)\b/g);
       
       //use for loop to go through every word
       for(var counter2=0;counter2<arrayOfWords.length;counter2++)
       {
          //make word case insensitive
          var tempWord=arrayOfWords[counter2].toLowerCase();
          //check if the search length does not exid your actuall word
          if(search.length<=tempWord.length)
          {
             //check if first letters match
             if(tempWord.slice(0,search.length==search)
             {
                //first letters match, you can put your logic here
             }
             else
             {
                //no match
             }
          }
          else
          {
             //search exids word
          }
       }
    }