if you are not using jquery, do this :

        function printData() {
            var divToPrint = document.getElementById("printTable");
            newWin = window.open("");
            newWin.document.write(divToPrint.outerHTML);
            newWin.print();
            newWin.close();
        }

        const btn = document.getElementById("button");
        btn.addEventListener('click', () => printData())

also you must close all tags (table, tbody..)

Please use the below code. I have comment out the newWin.close() function so you will see the result.

<button id="button">Print me</button>   
                        
    <table id="printTable" class="display responsive-table " style=" margin-bottom:50px; border-radius: 4px;"  >
    <thead>
    <tr >
    <th>Sl.No.</th>
    <th>Description</th>
    <th>Balance</th>
    
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    </tbody>
  </table>
    
    <script>
    function printData()
    {
      
        var divToPrint=document.getElementById("printTable");
        newWin= window.open("");
        newWin.document.write(divToPrint.outerHTML);
        newWin.document.close();
        newWin.print();
        //newWin.close();
    }

    document.querySelector("#button").addEventListener("click", function(){
      printData();
    });
    
    </script>

You don't have closing table tag. There is an opening tbody tag instead.