In the Node.js REPL I can dynamic import like this:

Welcome to Node.js v16.13.2.
Type ".help" for more information.
> let m = await import('data:text/javascript,export const x = 5;')
[Module: null prototype] { x: 5 }
> m.x
5
>

In pure Node.js, this also works:

//main.js
export const m = await import('data:text/javascript,export const x = 5;');

// index.js
import * as Main from './main.js';

console.log(Main.m.x);

and

$ node index.js
5
$

But this does not work in jest:

//main.test.js
import * as Main from './main.js';

test('it loads', () => {
  expect(Main.m.x).toEqual(5);
});

Get error:

Error: Cannot find module 'data:text/javascript,export const x = 5;' from 'main.js'

What's going on here?

My package.json (relevant parts):

{
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "NODE_OPTIONS=--experimental-vm-modules jest"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "jest": "27.3.1"
  }
}