I have a simple JavaFX web browser that is a module. The directory structure of the module is:

webBrowser
webBrowser/module-info.java
webBrowser/webbrowser
webBrowser/webbrowser/WebBrowser.java

Here is the code to module-info.java

module webBrowser {
    requires javafx.controls;
    requires javafx.web;
    exports webbrowser;
}

Here is the code to WebBrowser.java:

package webbrowser;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.web.WebView;
import javafx.scene.web.WebEngine;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class WebBrowser extends Application {

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) {
        WebView browser = new WebView();
        WebEngine webEngine = browser.getEngine();
        webEngine.load("http://www.oracle.com");
        Scene scene = new Scene(browser, 1200, 900);
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch();
    }
}

I compile my modular application with javac:

% javac -d out --module-source-path . --module-path $JAVAFX --module webBrowser

I'm able to launch my application with java and it works fine:

% java --module-path out:$JAVAFX/lib --module webBrowser/webbrowser.WebBrowser

The trouble starts when I try to assemble my module (webBrowser) and the JavaFX modules using jlink:

% jlink --module-path out:$JAVAFX/lib --add-modules webBrowser,javafx.controls,javafx.web --output myjre
% myjre/bin/java --list-modules
java.base@17.0.1
java.datatransfer@17.0.1
java.desktop@17.0.1
java.net.http@17.0.1
java.prefs@17.0.1
java.xml@17.0.1
javafx.base
javafx.controls
javafx.graphics
javafx.media
javafx.web
jdk.jsobject@17.0.1
jdk.unsupported@17.0.1
jdk.xml.dom@17.0.1
webBrowser
% myjre/bin/java --module webBrowser/webbrowser.WebBrowser
Graphics Device initialization failed for :  es2, sw
Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer.getInstance(QuantumRenderer.java:283)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumToolkit.init(QuantumToolkit.java:254)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Toolkit.java:264)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:291)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:163)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.startToolkit(LauncherImpl.java:659)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:410)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:364)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
    at java.base/sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:1071)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.init(QuantumRenderer.java:95)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.run(QuantumRenderer.java:125)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
    at java.base/sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:1071)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: No toolkit found
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Toolkit.java:276)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:291)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:163)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.startToolkit(LauncherImpl.java:659)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:410)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:364)
    ... 5 more

When running my linked application (above), I get this RuntimeException:

java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found

Notes on assembly

I'm using jlink to assemble three modules: javafx.controls, javafx.web, and webBrowser.

Question

My application runs fine with Java. It launches and works correctly when I use this command:

% java --module-path out:$JAVAFX/lib --module webBrowser/webbrowser.WebBrowser

But I get an error message (Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found) when I try to launch the runtime image:

% myjre/bin/java --module webBrowser/webbrowser.WebBrowser

Why do I get this error message when I try to launch the runtime image? How can I get my web browser to assemble and launch correctly?